Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
The introduction was updated to emphasize that psychotic symptoms are not necessarily considered to be core features of the disorders included in this section, nor do they necessarily have a common etiology.
Schizophrenia
The "Associated Features" section was updated and expanded to include additional information about anosognosia (lack of insight), risk factors for suicidal and violent behavior, and comorbidity with other mental disorders. The "Associated Laboratory Findings" section was also updated to include separate discussions of structural and functional neuroimaging, neuropsychological deficits, and neurophysiological abnormalities. The "Specific Culture, Age, and Gender Features" section was updated to include an expanded discussion concerning overdiagnosis of Schizophrenia in certain racial groups, updated information regarding late-onset cases, and updated text regarding gender differences. The "Prevalence" section of the text was updated to include additional information and geographic and historical variations in incidence. The "Familial Pattern" section introduced the concept of “schizophrenia spectrum" (i.e., the range of disorders that are more likely in the relatives of individuals with Schizophrenia).
Schizophrenia Subtypes
The introduction was updated to indicate limited stability and prognostic value of the subtypes.
Schizophreniform Disorder
Updated prevalence information was provided, including contrasting rates in developed and developing countries. A brief "Familial Pattern" section was added, indicating a possible increased risk of Schizophrenia in relatives of individuals with Schizophreniform Disorder.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Specific Gender Features (e.g., elevated rates in woman are mostly accounted for by increased incidence of the Depressive Type) and Course (e.g., association of stressors with a better prognosis) were updated.
Delusional Disorder
The "Course" section was updated.
Brief Psychotic Disorder
The "Prevalence" section was updated to note that although this disorder is rarely seen in developed countries, psychotic episodes of slightly longer duration (1 to 6 months) are more common in developing countries.
Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition
The list of etiological general medical conditions has been updated and new sections were added for Prevalence and Course.